BN menang di tempat2 yang bilangan pengundinya kecil...

 

BN menang majoriti mudah dengan 20% undi PRU13...

BN membentuk kerajaan dengan memenangi sebahagian besar daripada 130 kawasan Parlimen yang mempunyai jumlah pengundi yang paling kecil.

Menurut peguam Andrew Khoo, BN menang 112 kerusi daripada kawasan pilihan raya tersebut untuk mendapat majoriti mudah.

Bagaimanapun, katanya, jumlah pengundi yang memilih BN di 112 kerusi tersebut hanya terdiri daripada hampir 20 peratus daripada jumlah  pengundi dalam pilihan raya umum ke-13 (PRU13).

"Pada asasnya, begitulah cara BN memenangi pilihan raya," kata pengerusi bersama Jawatankuasa Hak Asasi Manusia Majlis Peguam dalam satu forum hari ini.-malaysiakini.

Melayu jadi mangsa kekang sentimen anti-BN...

Salah pembahagian kerusi pilihan raya sebenarnya menjadikan orang Melayu sebagai mangsa, kata felo Institut Penang, Wong Chin Huat.

Menurutnya, kerusi yang dilihat sebagai kubu kuat Pakatan Rakyat dijadikan lebih besar dengan kemasukan lebih ramai orang Melayu untuk mengekang sentimen anti-BN.

Namun pada masa sama, jumlah orang Melayu yang ramai dalam kerusi tersebut tetap mempunyai hanya seorang wakil rakyat berbanding dengan mereka dalam kerusi yang lebih kecil.

Perkara ini tegasanya, membuktikan bahawa persempadanan semula adalah bersifat politik, dan bukan mengambil kira faktor geografi atau perkauman.

Beliau mengambil contoh parlimen Baling dengan majoriti Melayu yang mempunyai 93,376 pengundi berbanding Alor Setar, sebuah kerusi campuran yang hanya mempunyai 69,189 pengundi.

"Ini menghukum Melayu, kerana Baling adalah kubu kuat PAS sementara BN sebelum ini tidak pernah kalah di Alor Setar sehinggalah pilihan raya baru-baru ini. Ia bersifat partisan," katanya dalam satu forum membincangkan persempadanan pilihan raya hari ini.

Beliau seterusnya memberikan contoh dewan undangan negeri Seri Serdang yang menjadi semakin besar untuk mengekang sentimen anti-BN.

Jelasnya, pada tahun 2008 BN menang dengan majoriti 45 undi tetapi tewas kepada PAS pada tahun 2013 dengan majoriti 16,251 undi.

"BN sangat tidak popular di kawasan bandar sehingga mereka tidak mampu mendapatkan sokongan yang mencukupi melainkan mereka membentuk konstituensi yang besar," katanya.

Mengulas perkara lain, Wong menegaskan sistem pilihan raya 'first past the post' sekarang tempang kerana ia membolehkan kerajaan minoriti dengan majoriti mudah 25 peratus membentuk kerajaan.

"Untuk menang, anda perlu memenangi separuh sahaja daripada kerusi (parlimen) dan anda seterusnya hanya perlu menang separuh daripada undi daripada kerusi-kerusi tersebut," katanya.

Beliau mencadangkan tiga sistem lain sebagai ganti - sistem undi alternatif seperti di Australia, sistem pengundian berkadaran seperti di Jerman dan New Zealand, dan sistem ahli campuran majoriti seperti di Jepun dan Thailand.

Sehubungan itu, katanya, Pakatan boleh memenangi PRU13 dengan mendapat 114 daripada 222 kerusi Parlimen sekiranya Malaysia menggunakan sistem pengundian berkadaran.
Katanya, sistem pengundian itu membolehkan korelasi hampir sempurna antara undi popular dan kerusi.

Katanya, jika sistem itu telah digunakan, maka PAS akan mendapat 33 kerusi, PKR 46 dan DAP 35 - dengan BN memperolehi 106 kerusi..

Parti Star dan Sarawak Workers Party juga masing-masing mampu memenangi satu kerusi-malaysiakini

Pakatan would've won with proportional system...

Pakatan Rakyat would have won the 13th general election with a total of 114 parliamentary seats out of 222 if Malaysia uses the proportional voting system, according to political scientist Wong Chin Huat (below).

Presenting this view at a Bar Council forum today, he said the mixed-member proportional voting system allows almost perfect correlation between popular vote and seats.

He said that assuming this system had been in place, PAS would have taken 33 seats, PKR 46 and the DAP 35, pushing the total number ahead of the BN's 106.

Star and Sarawak Workers Party would have also won a seat each.

"Even if west and east Malaysia are made two constituencies, with the same formula, Pakatan will still win 110, the BN 109, Star 2 and SWP 1," he said.

Instead, he said, Malaysia uses the first-past-the-post system which even if constituencies are perfectly apportioned, allows a party or coalition to claim victory with only slightly more than 25 percent popular votes.

"To win, you have to get a little more than half of the seats, and to win each seat you have to win a little more than half of the votes there," he explained.
In a mixed-member proportional system, the total number of seats in an assembly are allocated to parties proportionally to the number of voters they received.

It is used in several countries, including Germany, and involves a more complicated method of determining which candidate will represent each constituency in an assembly.

Disparity between east and west

Wong, who is also part of electoral reform group Bersih, said that even if Malaysia remains on the first-past-the-post system, it is possible to put in measures to limit fraud.

Among them are to limit intra-state malapportionment and to seek judicial reviews of constituencies which are  disproportionately bigger than others.

He also urged negotiation with East Malaysian states in order to minimise disparity between constituencies between the east and the west.

"With one sixth of the electorate, East Malaysia controls 25 percent of parliamentary seats.

"They say it's a legacy issue and that they will not give that away until they can ensure a better deal so the states won't be more marginalised than now.

"But any right-thinking East Malaysian can see that the system is not working now, even if they still have this to threaten Kuala Lumpur," he said.

According to the agreement for the formation of Malaysia in 1963, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore should have a total 34 percent of parliamentary seats.-malaysiakini

 Small spelt big for the BN in the last polls...

The BN formed the government by winning most of its 130 parliamentary constituencies with the smallest number of voters.

According to lawyer Andrew Khoo, BN took 112 seats of these smallest constituencies, thus obtaining a simple majority.

However, he said, the number of voters who chose BN in those 112 seats only made up close to 20 percent of the total votes cast in the 13th general electoral.

"Basically that is how BN won the election," the Bar Council Human Rights Committee co-chairperson said at a forum today.

Khoo (left), who is also part of the electoral reform group Bersih, said the winning majorities illustrates this point further.

According to him, DAP candidates Teresa Kok and Tony Pua's winning majorities had respectively trumped the total winning majorities in 31 closest-fought constituencies, which were won with 3,000 votes or less.

The total winning majorities for the 31 seats was 43,079 and this pales in comparison to Kok's 51,552 in Seputeh and Pua's 44,672 in Petaling Jaya Utara.

"Had (the duo's) winning majorities been dispersed, the election result would have been different," he said.

Najib only BN rep to win big

Khoo said that BN chief Najib Abdul Razak was the only BN candidate to make it to the list of candidates with the top 20 largest-winning majorities. The rest were Pakatan Rakyat candidates.

He said that the disparity in number of voters between constituencies can be traced to a conditional amendment made in 1973.

He said that prior to 1973, the constitution set a cap on the difference between constituency size at 33 percent, while the pre-Merdeka electoral rules states that the difference must not be higher than 15 percent.

All the same, he said the 33 percent rule was not respected in 1969 when then Bungsar was six times larger than then Johor Tenggara-malaysiakini

cheers.